The distribution and severity of beech bark disease in the Catskill Mountains, N.Y
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چکیده
The distribution and severity of beech bark disease (BBD) in the Catskill Mountains of southeastern New York state, U.S.A., were measured between 1997 and 2000. Forest composition was measured using wedge prism surveys and fixed-area plot counts of canopy species. BBD severity on individual trees was ranked from 1 (no disease) to 5 (dead) based on bark health and canopy loss. These data were analyzed at multiple spatial scales to determine possible controls of disease distribution and severity. BBD was present on almost all Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. (American beech) individuals encountered >10 cm diameter at breast height, but was most severe in larger diameter classes. Mortality due to BBD also increased with diameter class. A strong positive relationship was found between BBD severity and relative beech basal area at the tract (hundreds of hectares) and 100-m elevation band spatial scales, but not found at smaller scales. Successful long-range dispersal of the disease may therefore be dependent upon host density, while local conditions may control BBD severity within individual stands. The current status of BBD in the Catskills suggests these forests are entering the aftermath phase of the disease’s progression and that BBD has become an endemic component of these forests. Résumé : La distribution et la sévérité de la maladie corticale du hêtre dans les monts Catskills du sud-est de l’État de New York aux États-Unis ont été mesurées entre 1997 et 2000. La composition de la forêt a été évaluée par un inventaire au prisme et le décompte des espèces dominantes dans des placettes à aire fixe. La sévérité de la maladie a été classée de 1 (sain) à 5 (mort) sur chaque arbre en se basant sur l’état de santé de l’écorce et la perte de cime. Ces données ont été analysées à plusieurs échelles spatiales pour déterminer les facteurs potentiels qui régissent la distribution et la sévérité de la maladie. La maladie était présente sur presque tous les hêtres à grandes feuilles (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) présents de plus de 10 cm au diamétre à hauteur de poitrine mais elle était plus sévère dans les plus fortes classes de diamètre. La mortalité due à la maladie augmentait aussi avec la classe de diamètre. Une relation positive étroite a été observée entre la sévérité de la maladie et la surface terrière relative des hêtres à l’échelle spatiale de la parcelle (centaines d’hectares) et de la bande de 100 m d’altitude mais pas à de plus petites échelles. La dispersion de la maladie sur de longues distances est par conséquent possiblement dépendante de la densité de l’hôte tandis que les conditions locales contrôlent vraisemblablement la sévérité de la maladie dans chaque peuplement. La situation présente de la maladie dans les Catskills indiquent que ces forêts entrent dans la phase finale de la progression de la maladie et que celle-ci est devenue une composante endémique de ces forêts. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Griffin et al. 1760
منابع مشابه
Beech bark disease: spatial patterns of thicket formation and disease spread in an aftermath forest in the northeastern United States
Beech bark disease (BBD) has affected the composition, structure, and function of forests containing a significant proportion of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) across North America. BBD spread has been investigated at landscape and regional scales, but few studies have examined spatial patterns of disease severity and spread within stands where forest managementmitigationmeasures can ...
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تاریخ انتشار 2003